Ethnopharmacology in the 21st century - grand challenges

Ethnopharmacology in the 21st Century – Grand Challenges

One can argue forever what precise percentage of the world's population use local and traditional medicines. These herbal (or mineral or fungal or occasionally animal) medical products form systems of knowledge and practice that have been transmitted over centuries and which continuously change. However, there can be no doubt that the majority of humans either rely on such products (often due t...

GRAND CHALLENGES Comparative endocrinology in the 21st century

*Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Department of Zoology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019; Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, USGS, Turners Falls; Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst; kDe...

The Challenges of Cognitive Neuroscience in the 21st Century

Molecules to Minds: Grand Challenges for the 21st Century

The Institute of Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders established a "Grand Challenges Initiative." The goal is to help frame a broad, integrated research program that would attract substantial funding and generate additional resources to support large-scale efforts to tackle some of the most daunting but important neuroscience questions.

Space physics—grand challenges for the 21st century

INTRODUCTION The birth of Space Physics occurred explosively in October 1957 with the launch of Sputnik 1 into low Earth orbit. Since then, in-situ observations and measurements of the matter outside Earth became possible by instrumentation on board a fleet of artificial spacecraft following Sputnik 1 in quick succession. Half a century later we are now in possession of a pretty complete overal...